Two components of cylinder volume are important: (a) The "Displacement volume" is the volume displaced by the piston as it moves between top dead center (tdc) and bottom dead center (bdc). This volume ...

starts with the piston at the top of the cylinder (TDC) and the intake valve open to admit air and fuel. At bottom-dead-center (BDC) the inlet valve is closed and the compression stroke (b) starts.

Unlike conventional engines, the crankshaft rotation creates two different top dead centers (TDC) and two different bottom dead centers (BDC) during the cycle. This engine completes a full cycle ...

When the piston moves all the way up in the cylinder (which mechanics call top dead center, or TDC), or all the way down (to bottom dead center, or BDC), that full movement in each direction is ...